: Explanations of "negotiability" versus "assignability," and the critical rights of a Holder in Due Course (HDC) Parties & Liabilities

Open De Leon's explanation of Section 52 (when a person secondarily liable is discharged). Then open the actual Act 2031. De Leon interprets; the Code tests.

Forgery is the trickiest topic. Who bears the loss? (Usually the first to take the forged signature). De Leon uses a "ripple effect" analogy. The new edition includes a 2021 case about check tampering via photo editing software.